The dietary intake of elderly athletes was reported. Male athletes from three countries participating in the eighth World Masters assisted in the survey. In the subjective survey, 89% of people said they lived a proper diet, while 65% of the objective survey judged the quality of diet to be low. The authors say health education strategies for older athletes are necessary. Report of the research team of Poznan Sports University in Poland.
Conduct a survey in the holding of the World Masters Indoor track and Field Games
The study was conducted during the eighth World Masters Indoor track and Field Championships and was conducted in Dulong (Poland) in 2019. Athletes from three countries assisted in the investigation. Although it takes both women and men as the object, the result is that there are few female participants and insufficient analysis, so only men are taken as the object of analysis.
The subjects were 51 from Poland, 14 from France and 21 from Britain, with a total of 86. The average age is about 50 years old, and the career as a master athlete starts at the age of 41-43, with 7-8 years of experience. Height 177.4 to 177.9 cm, weight 75.5 to 77.9 kg, average BMI within the standard range, but 37% are overweight or obese. The body fat rate was 15.2-16.7%, and the body weight except fat was 63.7-65.4 kg. These values have no significant difference among the countries to which they belong.
Evaluate dietary quality with a score of 100 out of 100
In the evaluation of diet quality, the questionnaire developed by Poland was used to ask the daily eating times and food intake frequency in the form of interview, and the answer was scored as a healthy diet index.
The healthy Diet Index is a source of 10 categories of health benefits (whole wheat bread, low-refined grains, milk, fermented beverages, and calorie cheese). The food intake frequency of curd > white meat < chicken breast > fish and shellfish, legumes, fruits, vegetables, etc.) was calculated. The frequency of eating each category of food, do not eat, 1-3 times a month, once a week, several times a week, once a day, choose from several times a day, with a total score of 100 points. The health degree of dietary life was judged as "low" under 33 points, "moderate" with 34-66 points, and "high" with more than 67 points.
Subjective evaluation deviates from objective evaluation seriously.
With regard to the survey results, first of all, look at the subjective evaluation of the answer, 89% of people said their diet life is "good" or "very good". For the number of meals in a day, 4 meals are the most (43%), and 3 meals are basically the same (43%). Among Polish master athletes, a significant negative correlation was observed between age and the number of times they ate (ritual color 0.338, paired 0.015).
Healthy Dietary Index is "low" in all three countries
Secondly, from the objective index of healthy eating index, according to the country, Poland is 25.50 points, France 29.75 points, Britain 31.00 points, all are "low" scores. According to different countries, there is no significant difference. From all the respondents, 65% were judged to be "low", and there were no athletes whose diet quality was "high".
When studying the intake frequency of food of prescribed dietary quality in different countries, it was found that the intake frequency of all 10 categories of food in Poland was related to the provisions of the healthy Dietary Index. In the UK, only the frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables sets the healthy dietary index, while the other eight categories do not cover the healthy dietary index. In France, there is a significant correlation between whole-grain bread, fermented drinks, cards, white meat, legumes and fruits.
The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the dietary quality of Polish master athletes was independently correlated: fruits, low-refined grains, cards, vegetables, milk, whole-grain bread, white meat and fermented milk. These eight groups can explain 99.2% of the dietary quality. In France, the three food groups, calorie, white meat and fruit, are independently related to dietary quality, which can explain 89.8% of dietary quality. In the UK, fruits and vegetables are independently related to dietary quality, the former is 40.2%, the latter is 12%, both sides can explain 52.2% of the dietary quality.
The relationship between age, eating frequency and different food intake frequency
The intake frequency of shellfish and vegetables varies significantly from country to country. The frequency of seafood intake of Polish athletes is significantly lower than that of French athletes, and the intake frequency of vegetables is significantly lower than that of French and British athletes.
In addition, in the relationship between age and dietary frequency and different frequency of food intake, as mentioned above, a significant negative correlation was observed in Poland that the older the age, the less the number of meals. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of daily eating and the intake frequency of whole grain bread, milk, fermented beverage and fruit.
In contrast, in France, it was found that the more times of eating in a day, the lower the intake frequency of fermented beverages, and there was a significant negative correlation. Similarly, in the UK, the more times you eat, the lower the frequency of milk intake. On the other hand, the frequency of card intake, the more times you eat, the higher the frequency of milk intake. In addition, in the UK, the older the age, the lower the frequency of whole-grain bread intake, and a significant negative correlation was also found.
Give master athletes a chance for health education
According to the above results, the author and others summarize the conclusions as follows.
This study shows that the diet quality of most master athletes is not high. In particular, there are fewer whole grains, dairy products and fish and shellfish. In addition, statistically significant differences were found in the intake frequency of shellfish and vegetables according to different countries. The determinants of diet quality vary from country to country, but the frequency of fruit intake is one of the factors that determine diet quality in all countries.
For master athletes, it is necessary to develop health education strategies aimed at changing the life of inappropriate diet.
Literature information.
The original title was "Pro-Healthy Diet Properties and Its Determinants among Aging Masters Athletes". (Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 17X 18 (14): 7614) the original text is here (MDPI)
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